Layers of epidermis
|
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
|
Wood’s lamp examination
disease
|
appearance
|
T. vesicolor
|
Golden yellow
|
P. aeruginosa
|
Aqua green
|
Porphyria cutanea tarda
|
Pink-orange
|
Leprosy
|
Blue-white
|
Hypopigmentation
|
Pale white
|
Hyperpigmentation
|
Purple brown
|
Vitiligo
|
Bright-white/ blue-white
|
Albinism
|
Bright-white/ blue-white
|
Erythrasma
|
Coral red, pink
|
T. schonlenii
|
Pale green
|
Microsporum
|
Yellow green
|
Tuberous sclerosis
|
Blue white
|
Pseudomonas infection
|
Greenish white or pale blue
|
Porphyria cutanea tarda
|
Pinkish red –urine
|
Pityriasis versicolor
|
Golden yellow fluorescence
|
Tinea capitis
|
Green fluorescence
|
Special types of Acne
Acne conglobata
|
Severe cystic acne with comedones, abscesses, sinuses and nodules.
|
Acne fulminans
|
Inflammatory nodules, cysts plaques, fever, constitutional symptoms, treated with steroids.
|
Acne venerata
|
Caused by contact with comedogenic chemicals
|
Acne cosmetica
|
Caused by contact with comedogenic cosmetics
|
Tropical acne
|
Acne on back, buttocks, thigh because of high humidity of tropical climate.
|
Acne excoriae Picker’s acne
|
Seen in females caused by compulsive picking of the lesions
|
Occlusion tetrad
|
Nodulocystic acne
Dissecting cellulites of scalp
Hydradenitis suppurativa
Pilonidal sinus
|
Phases of growth of hair
Anagen
|
growing phase
|
Telogen
|
resting phase
|
Catagen
|
transitional phase
|
TYPES OF ALOPECIA
Alopecia areata
|
Patches of smooth area with loss of hair.
At the periphery of patches are exclamation hair ( attenuated bulb with splayed pigmented distal end)
|
Alopecia totalis
|
Total loss of scalp hair
|
Alopecia universalis
|
When hair has been lost over the entire body
|
Graypatch
|
Characterized by scaly gray patches with stubs of broken hair and easy pluckability of hair.
Caused by ectothrix fungi.
Shows greenish yellow fluorescence under woods lamp.
|
Black dot
|
Areas of alopecia studded with black dots representing hair broken off at surface of the scalp, caused by endothrix fungi.
|
Kerion celsii
|
Is a boggy indurated area exuding pus.
May be followed by scarring and permanent alopecia
|
Favus/ Witkop
|
Affects scalp, glabrous skin, nails.
Concave Sulphur yellow crusts / scutulae form around loose wiry hair, atrophy leads to smooth glossy thin paper/ scars.
|
*Atopic dermatitis, infantile eczema/ neurodermatitis Also called Besnier’s prurigo
Signs of atopy
|
Dennie Morgan folds
(Extra fold beneath the eyelid is called the Denny Morgan fold)
Extra crease line just below the lower eyelid, exceeding midline(pupil)
Keratosis pilaris
Follicular papules on the extremities
Hertoghe’s sign-
Thinning of lateral eyebrows
White dermographism-
Tripler response o is replaced by blanching of skin
|
pemphigus
|
pemphigoid
|
Nikolsky sign present
|
Absent
|
Bullae are intraepidermal and flaccid
|
Bullae are subepidermal and tense
|
Mucosa involved
|
Mucosae are not involved
|
Acantholysis present
|
Absent
|
Involves upper part of body
|
Lower part of body
|
Age-40-60
|
Age 60-80
|
Prognosis poor
|
Prognosis good
|
Nikolsky sign
|
Sliding of superficial layers of skin on the deeper layers when a tangential force is applied with the pulp of thumb, especially over bony prominences
|
Positive in
|
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome-
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Pemphigus
Epidermolysis bullosa congenital
Pemphigus
|
*Butcher’s wart / Anatomists wart- Cutaneous tuberculosis / verrucosa cutis
Slowly progressive asymptomatic lesion that follows penetrating trauma
Treated with akt.
*Pseudofolliculitis barbae-
Seen in blacks. Caused due to close shaving of curved hair, which pierce the skin.
Treatment is to stop shaving.
*Pityriasis versicolor
Hypopigmented or hyperpigmented perifollicular finely scaly macules coalescing to form patches seen on upper arm, neck, trunk, underarms.
Caused by Malassezia furfur.
*Ping pong scabies- mite is transmitted from one house member to another.
*Inguinal bubo appears 2- 4 weeks after genital ulceration.
*Bull’s eye lesion or iris lesion or target lesion
Seen in erythema mutiforme
*Miyagawa’s granulocorpuscles are found in lymphogranuloma venereum, when smears are stained with Giemsa
*Commonest cause of photoallergic dermatitis in India is Parthenium
*Impetigo of Bockhart
Acute superficial folliculitis
Pustules heal without scarring.
*Lyell’s disease-Toxic epidermal necrolysis.
*Pastia’s line-
Linear petechial lesions found in scarlet fever in antecubital and Axillary folds.
*Desert sore / Veldt sore is a superficial ulcer caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae.
*Meleney’s gangrene-
Caused by peptostreptococcus and staphylococcus aureus or enterobacteriaceae.
*Hot tub folliculitis
Caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa. Occurring 1-4 days after bathing in hot tubs, swimming pool or whirlpool.
*Rose spots of salmonellosis occur between umbilicus and nipples.
*Chicken pox
Rash is described as dew drops on rose petals
Centripetal distribution.
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